Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various a

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable power to safeguard delicate skin. This soothing component has long been employed in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its outstanding protective qualities. Establishing a physical shield on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively blocks harmful su